Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988esrv...25..373f&link_type=abstract
Earth Science Reviews, Volume 25, Issue 5-6, p. 373-386.
Physics
1
Scientific paper
Soil evolution in Southern Australia has been studied by stratigraphic analysis of the regolith. The sedimentary record shows that tectonics is followed by marine, transitional and continental deposition and, finally, soil formation. These episodes are repeated on a time scale shortening geometrically. Soil is formed in the upper layered part of the regolith where materials and processes are involved in and with the biosphere. Both physical and chemical layers are included in the concept. Where a break in soil formation is followed by the development of younger material—either sediment or soil—a paleosol can be recognised. The layer in the paleosol of prime importance from a stratigraphic point of view is the horizon of accumulation which characterises the soil of the time. Paleosols record climates of the past which prevailed over wide areas. Soil formation is episodic. Assemblages of paleosols constitute soil profiles and record interrupted pedogenesis. Soil zonation begins with the development of paleosols at particular times in the past. There is general distribution of great soil groups in southern Australia from older soils with fossil silcrete pans and fossil lateritic soils of the inland to younger poorly differentiated coastal sands and solonchaks of the coastal margin. This is due partly to uplifting of the older basin margins inland and downwarping near the coast, and to cyclic incision of exoreic drainage on the continental margin as a result of the interplay between climate and first and second order geomorphic structures. A similar, but local, relationship occurs between older soils in the ranges and younger soils in saline depressions inland or estuarine plains on the coastal margin.
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