Features of spread-F at Grand Bahama, a temperate latitude station

Details Features of spread-F at Grand Bahama, a temperate latitude station Features of spread-F at Grand Bahama, a temperate latitude station

Apr 1989

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989angeo...7..177r&link_type=abstract

Annales Geophysicae (ISSN 0980-8752), vol. 7, April 1989, p. 177-182. Research supported by the Ministry of Science and Technolo

Physics

1

Ionograms, Spread F, Temperate Regions, Temperature Distribution, Ionospheric Propagation, Radio Echoes, Very High Frequencies

Scientific paper

The spread-F echoes on the vertical incidence ionograms at a temperate latitude station outside the equatorial F-region anomaly belt are shown to start with additional p-prime-f traces near the penetration frequencies due to off-vertical echoes. With time, these additional p-prime-f traces increase in intensity and in number, and extend to lower frequencies giving rise to a range type of spread-F. The temperate latitude spread-F is suggested to arise mostly from the reflection of radio waves from the ripples and undulations in the isoionic surfaces in the ionosphere rather than from the scattering of radio waves from plasma instabilities. These characteristics are thus very different from the development of spread-F at equatorial stations.

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