Relativity in the Global Positioning System

Details Relativity in the Global Positioning System Relativity in the Global Positioning System

Nov 2005

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2005yrst.book..257a&link_type=abstract

In: 100 years of relativity. Editor: Abhay Ashtekar. Singapore: World Scientific, ISBN 981-256-394-6, 2005, p. 257 - 289

Physics

2

Relativity, Global Positioning System

Scientific paper

The Global Positioning System (GPS) uses accurate, stable atomic clocks in satellites and on the ground to provide world-wide position and time determination. These clocks have gravitational and motional frequency shifts which are so large that, without carefully accounting for numerous relativistic effects, the system would not work. This article discusses the conceptual basis, founded on special and general relativity, for navigation using GPS. Relativistic principles and effects of practical importance include the constancy of the speed of light, the equivalence principle, the Sagnac effect, time dilation, gravitational frequency shifts, and relativity of synchronization. Experimental tests of relativity obtained with a GPS receiver aboard the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite will be discussed. Recently frequency jumps arising from satellite orbit adjustments have been identified as relativistic effects.

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