Ionospheric and thermospheric responses during August 1972 storms - A review

Physics

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Ionospheric Disturbances, Magnetic Storms, Solar Activity Effects, Solar Flares, Thermosphere, Diurnal Variations, F 2 Region, Faraday Effect, Geomagnetic Latitude, Ionospheric Electron Density, Pacific Ocean, Radar Scattering, Sudden Storm Commencements

Scientific paper

Available reports of ionospheric responses to the geomagnetic-storm events associated with the solar flares of August 1972 are reviewed. Regional ionospheric variations recorded in the North-South American, Europe-African, and Asia-Australia-Pacific sectors are examined, emphasizing variations in F2 effective and minimum frequencies, total electron content, E-region neutral-wind velocities, ionospheric electric fields, and geomagnetic-field intensity. F2 variations in the Asia-Australia-Pacific sector are investigated in detail, especially deviations of hourly F2 effective-frequency values from monthly median values, fluctuations in electron-density profiles, and latitudinal distributions of F2 effective-frequency deviations. Present knowledge of the ionospheric storm mechanism is briefly summarized, and some of the more interesting features of the August storm events are interpreted in light of this knowledge.

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