Hysteresis and susceptibility characteristics of magnetite and titanomagnetites: interpretation of results from basaltic rocks

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Scientific paper

The hysteresis and susceptibility characteristics down to liquid nitrogen temperatures have been investigated in over one thousand basalt samples of Tertiary age from the Society Islands, Norfolk Island, Reunion, Mauritius, France and Australia. The variation in these properties with temperature is similar to that observed by Radhakrishnamurty. Synthetic samples covering grain sizes from single to multidomain grains of pure magnetite, titanomagnetite and cation deficient titanomagnetites of varying composition have been investigated to determine their low temperature characteristics. Comparison of the results from these synthetic samples with those of natural basalts shows that the composition and domain state predominating in any given sample of basalt cannot be determined uniquely from low temperature characteristics alone. However, optical, electron microprobe and AF demagnetization characteristics can be combined with the low temperature properties to determine the predominant grain size and magnetite composition.
The results show that the simple classification scheme put forward by Radhakrishnamurty is questionable. Samples showing increase in susceptibility and no change in coercivity down to liquid nitrogen temperature are not of the cation-deficient type. These properties appear to be those associated with titanomagnetites containing exsolved-ilmenite lamellae, formed during initial cooling. This unique characteristic may be useful for the quick selection of samples most suitable for palaeointensity studies.

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