Quantum Phase Transitions in Finite Nuclei: Theoretical Concepts and Experimental Evidence

Physics

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Properties Of Nuclei, Nuclear Energy Levels, Critical Point Phenomena, Nuclear Reaction Models And Methods

Scientific paper

The concept of quantum phase transitions in the equilibrium structure of finite nuclei as a function of N and Z has recently taken on considerable interest. Sparked by data in nuclei with N=90, which pointed towards the presence of coexisting spherical and deformed phases, a new class of models for nuclei at the phase transitional point, called Critical Point Symmetries, was developed: E(5), for nuclei in a second order vibrator to γ-soft rotor, and X(5) for nuclei in a first order vibrator to axially deformed rotor. Empirical examples of both symmetries were discovered, in 134Ba and 152Sm, respectively. Following this, a large body of research ensued, both theoretical and experimental, including new approaches to the mapping of structural evolution, new ideas about the relation of geometrical and algebraic models, about order and chaos in nuclear spectra, and about the relation of residual proton-neutron interactions to the development of correlations in the nuclear many-body system. Some of these developments will be discussed.

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