Two peaks of Forbush decreases and SSCs in one solar cycle: What causes them?

Physics

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2102 Corotating Streams, 2104 Cosmic Rays, 2111 Ejecta, Driver Gases, And Magnetic Clouds, 2139 Interplanetary Shocks, 2162 Solar Cycle Variations (7536)

Scientific paper

We have studied the annual frequency distribution of the Forbush decreases (FDs) for three solar cycles (20, 21, 22). Most of them are associated with the fast ICMEs and the SSCs. The frequency varies in step with the solar cycle but the distribution has a notable gap embedded in it, near the maximum of cycle. We show that the gap coincides with the epoch of the solar polar field reversal. There is an indication of an even/odd cycle effect in the frequency distribution of FDs and the associated SSCs. Comparing the FD and SSC frequency distributions with the similar distribution of solar wind electric field, we find that the two peaks in FD and SSC distributions are separated by the Gnevyshev gap. We also show that a large value of the solar wind electric field by itself does not cause a FD to occur unless accompanied by a fast ICME.

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