Physics
Scientific paper
Jul 1999
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999aipc..478..129p&link_type=abstract
Second international workshop on particle physics and the early universe (COSMO-98). AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 478, pp
Physics
3
Observational Cosmology, Supernovae
Scientific paper
Measurements of type Ia supernova apparent brightnesses over a range of distances allows a measurement of changes in the universe's expansion rate. This measurement yields information about the mass density and vacuum energy density (``cosmological constant'') of the universe. We present results from two research groups that are in excellent agreement. Both groups' results indicated with high statistical confidence that the Universe is currently accelerating (q0<0) and that the cosmological constant (ΩΛ) makes an important contribution to the total energy density. We discuss the techniques involved in these measurements, and the systematic uncertainties due to supernova evolution, gray extinction, weak lensing, selection bias, sample contamination, a local void, and methodology. To date, none of the sources of systematic uncertainty that have been identified and estimated can reconcile the data with ΩΛ=0 and q0>0.
Perlmutter Saul
Riess Adam
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