Integrated Geophysical Modelling of the Vredefort Impact Structure, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa

Physics

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Craters: Impact, Geophysical Model, Vredefort Structure

Scientific paper

Summary: Detailed integrated modeling has been performed of gravity and magnetic data, aided by a large seismic and petrophysical database, along two near-perpendicular traverses across the Vredefort impact structure, which includes the Witwatersrand Basin. As a result, the impact-related basin has a diameter of 250 km, preserved in the present SW-NE extension, and depths ranging from 7 km in the SE to 12 km in the NW and N. The remaining structural uplift in the centre is 12 km. Vast volumes of material, approximately 6 x 10^4 km^3, have been ejected by the impact and similar amounts were injected into the crater surroundings. Post-impact deformation includes tilting, being responsible for the present asymmetric shape of the central rise, and NW-SE shortening of the impact basin by as much as 85 km. The magnetic model explains the extension of impact related thermal overprinting of the central upper part of the impact structure.

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