Physics
Scientific paper
Mar 1996
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1996lpi....27..187c&link_type=abstract
Lunar and Planetary Science, volume 27, page 187
Physics
Arctic Analogs, Erosion: Vertical, Ice-Rind, Mars: Fluvial Valleys, Permafrost: Bed Material
Scientific paper
Martian Fluvial Valley Systems (MFVS) testify the former abundance of liquid water near the surface as most valleys are in ancient terrains. Simple topographic measurements and physical models provide strong arguments for sapping formation vs. surface runoffs. The amount of material removed measured from topography coupled with models of regolith porosity provide estimates for aquifer discharge. The results is that the amount of water that could have been contained in aquifer reservoir is inadequate to carve the deep valleys even with generous assumption on the erodability of the regolith. Magmatism and cratering are advocated as triggers for aquifer recharge. Most valleys are currently U-shaped and display a flat-wide-smooth-like floor generally interpreted as sediment deposits. The widening of the valleys by wall-waste material is subsequent to the wall steep formation by vertical erosion. A 0.11 depth-to-width ratio for small valleys is considered. V-shaped geometrical models radar-derived cross sectional profile and one-dimensional photoclinometry allow to assume channel slope (0.2% to 0.3%) for short segments of valleys. The reconstruction of graded longitudinal profiles based on geometrical models of valleys illustrates that once the streams were deeper than the present valley floor. Generally, the available topographic data to derive cross sectional profile are not enough accurate to determine a precise full-length longitudinal profile and to determine the volume of transported sediments unless making assumptions on channel slope.
Cabrol Nathalie A.
Grin Edmon A.
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