Nuclear cascades in Saturn's rings - Cosmic ray albedo neutron decay and origins of trapped protons in the inner magnetosphere

Physics

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Ray Albedo, Planetary Magnetospheres, Proton Belts, Saturn Rings, Anisotropy, Flux (Rate), Monte Carlo Method, Neutron Decay, Neutron Spectra, Pioneer 11 Space Probe, Pitch (Inclination), Saturn Atmosphere, Secondary Cosmic Rays, Saturn, Rings, Cosmic Rays, Albedo, Neutrons, Decay, Origin, Source, Protons, Entrapment, Magnetosphere, Pioneer 11, Radiation Belts, Intensity, Interactions, Models, Diffusion, Absorption, Satelites, Injection, Spectra, Comparisons, Energy, Monte Carlo Techniques

Scientific paper

The nearly equatorial trajectory of the Pioneer 11 spacecraft through Saturn's high energy proton radiation belts and under the main A-B-C rings provided a unique opportunity to study the radial dependence of the greater than 30 MeV proton intensities in the belts in terms of models for secondary nucleon production by cosmic ray interactions in the rings, in situ proton injection in the radiation belts by neutron beta decay, magnetospheric diffusion, and absorption by planetary rings and satellites. Maximum trapped proton intensities measured by Pioneer 11 in the radiation belts are compared with calculated intensities and found consistent with trapping times of roughly 40 years and a radial diffusion coefficient of about 10 to the -15th L to the 9th Rs squared/s. Differential energy spectra proportional to E to the -2 estimated from integral measurements of trapped photons with E greater than 100 MeV are consistent with the beta decay model, but an inferred turndown of the spectra toward lower energies and reported integral proton anisotropies of a specified form both indicate the need for more realistic calculations of the neutron source from the rings and the radiation belt loss processes.

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