Elves and associated electron density changes due to cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning discharges

Details Elves and associated electron density changes due to cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning discharges Elves and associated electron density changes due to cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning discharges

Apr 2010

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010jgra..11500e17m&link_type=abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue 1, CiteID A00E17

Physics

8

Atmospheric Processes: Atmospheric Electricity, Ionosphere: Ionosphere/Atmosphere Interactions (0335), Atmospheric Processes: Lightning, Ionosphere: Ionospheric Disturbances

Scientific paper

A 3-D finite difference time domain model is used to simulate the lightning electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and its interaction with the lower ionosphere. Results agree with the frequently observed, doughnut-shaped optical signature of elves but show that the structure exhibits asymmetry due to the presence of Earth's ambient magnetic field. Furthermore, in-cloud (horizontal) lightning channels produce observable optical emissions without the doughnut shape and, in fact, produce a much stronger optical output for the same channel current. Electron density perturbations associated with elves are also calculated, with contributions from attachment and ionization. Results presented as a function of parameters such as magnetic field direction, dipole current orientation, altitude and amplitude, and ambient ionospheric density profile demonstrate the highly nonlinear nature of the EMP-ionosphere interaction. Ionospheric effects of a sequence of in-cloud discharges are calculated, simulating a burst of in-cloud lightning activity and resulting in large density changes in the overlying ionosphere.

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