Thermal convection in lava lakes

Details Thermal convection in lava lakes Thermal convection in lava lakes

Sep 1993

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1993georl..20.1827d&link_type=abstract

Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), vol. 20, no. 17, p. 1827-1830.

Physics

27

Free Convection, In Situ Measurement, Lava, Temperature Gradients, Viscous Fluids, Lakes, Magma, Petrology

Scientific paper

The thermal convection characteristics of magma reservoirs are experimentally studied for viscosity ratios of up to 10 exp 6. Convection develops below a stagnant lid in the case of a fluid layer cooled from the top. Plumes generate temperature fluctuation whose magnitude is proportional to the temperature constant across the unstable region. The dynamics of convection is determined locally in the unstable part of the boundary layer and does not depend on the total temperature difference. Experimental observations in the Makaopuhi lava lake in Hawaii show temperature fluctuations below the growing crust. A model for thermal convection in a fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity predicts well the magnitude of the temperature fluctuations measured in situ in the Makaopuhi lake. This shows that thermal convection is active in natural magma reservoirs even when the interior is partially crystallized and hence below the liquidus, and must be taken into account in models of igneous differentiation.

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