Some extensions of the Booker method of ray tracing

Physics

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Ionospheric Propagation, Magnetoplasmadynamics, Planetary Ionospheres, Planetary Magnetospheres, Radio Waves, Ray Tracing, Electron Scattering, Refractivity, Wave Attenuation, Wave Propagation

Scientific paper

The Booker method of ray tracing is useful for tracing the paths of radio rays in a plane stratified magneto-plasma, and a brief summary is given. In its simplest form it is used for tracing a single ray, without taking account of the configuration of neighboring rays. Two extensions of the method are discussed. The first is the effect on the signal amplitude of the divergence or convergence of neighboring rays in a thin ray pencil. The second is the technique of complex rays and complex space, which are especially useful when electron collisions introduce attenuation of the waves. Some typical results for both extensions are presented. This paper is mainly a tutorial paper, but some new results are given, including a method for dealing with a singularity in the equations for the ray divergence effect.

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