Physics – Nuclear Physics
Scientific paper
Oct 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989aipc..194..342c&link_type=abstract
Symposium on quantum fluids and solids-1989. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 194, pp. 342-351 (1989).
Physics
Nuclear Physics
Other Topics In Elementary-Particle And Nuclear Physics Experimental Methods And Instrumentation
Scientific paper
Convincing data exist showing that galaxies are surrounded by non-luminous matter. This ``dark matter'' shows itself through its gravitational interactions with luminous matter, and dominates the mass of galaxies by about a factor of ten. Our understanding of early universe nucleosynthesis together with the observational data on the relative abundance of the light elements set Ωbaryon<0.2 (0.2 of the critical density). However, Ω=1 is an unstable equilibrium, and inflationary models of the early universe predict that Ω=1 to high precision. Thus, it seems likely that 90% of the matter of the universe is non-baryonic and weakly interacting, and that the dark matter halos may be largely non-baryonic. These particles would than be present in the cosmic rays and be observable with sensitive laboratory detectors.
In our laboratories at Stanford, we have undertaken several research programs to search for dark matter candidates in our galaxy with laboratory based detector. The first effort is a search for magnetic monopoles in the cosmic rays. These would be supermasive (1016-1019 GeV/c2) and density of only one per 10-10,000 km3 would be sufficient to account for the local dark matter around our galaxy. We have been operating a 1.3 m2 times 4π sr detector utilizing eight SQUIDs. It is the largest superconductive monopole detector. The second effort involves the developement of large mass (~1 kg) elementary particle detectors capable of sensing weakly interacting particles. These utilize silicon crystals at temperatures below 1 K, have spatial resolution and would measure the total energy deposition. Such detectors will be used for direct dark matter searches and for neutrino experiments capable of setting better limits on the neutrino mass.
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