Proton heating by pick-up proton-generated waves in the expanding solar wind: Hybrid simulations

Physics – Plasma Physics

Scientific paper

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[2152] Interplanetary Physics / Pickup Ions, [7833] Space Plasma Physics / Mathematical And Numerical Techniques, [7839] Space Plasma Physics / Nonlinear Phenomena, [7867] Space Plasma Physics / Wave/Particle Interactions

Scientific paper

Proton energization observed in the outer heliosphere by Voyager 2 can be attributed to the dissipation of the wave energy generated by pick-up protons. We present self-consistent kinetic simulations of this kinetic phenomenon using the hybrid expanding box model. In these simulations the magnetic field is assumed to be strictly transverse and the plasma does not contain any pick-up protons initially but they are injected continuously during the expansion assuming a simple model for the charge-exchange process. The injected pick-up protons form a ring velocity distribution function which becomes eventually unstable and generate cyclotron waves which scatter the pick-up ions forming a shell distribution function. The generated waves also heat the solar wind protons and this cyclotron heating is able to overcome the adiabatic cooling in agreement with the Voyager 2 observations.

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