The brightest supergiants

Physics

Scientific paper

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Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, Magellanic Clouds, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Luminosity, Supergiant Stars, Hot Stars, Stellar Atmospheres, Stellar Magnitude, Stellar Mass Ejection, Stellar Temperature

Scientific paper

In connection with the MK (Morgan-Keenan) classification, a second classification parameter, the luminosity, is added to the temperature as the first parameter. The designation Ia-0 has been originally introduced for the absolutely brightest stars in extragalactic systems. The brightest star in the visual spectral range (HD 33 579) of the Large Magellanic Cloud, for instance has been classified as a A3Ia-0 star. Its absolute visual magnitude is Mv=-9.5. The luminosity of this star is approximately 500,000 times as large as that of the sun. The reason for the high luminosity of the supergiants is related to the vast extension of the atmospheres of these stars. The considered star has, for example, a diameter which is 360 times as large as the solar diameter. However, the gravitational attraction concerning the supergiant atmosphere is weak, and the brightest supergiants lose a considerable amount of matter. It is found that hot supergiants exist with a luminosity which is several million times as large as the solar luminosity. Attention is given to the mass loss of hot stars, and the evolution of stars with a large mass.

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