Physics
Scientific paper
Feb 1964
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1964jatp...26..177t&link_type=abstract
Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 177-191
Physics
2
Scientific paper
Records of the elevation of the 20 Mc/s signal from the satellite, Explorer 7, were used to calculate the scale height at the peak of the F-layer, and the total electron content of the ionosphere, over a period of 16 months. The scale height, H showed a seasonal variation from 62 km in winter to 77 km in summer, at a mean sunspot number . The variation with sunspot number in winter was given by km. There was a diurnal variation of about ±4 km in summer, but not in winter. The day-to-day variations were about ±20 per cent, and were not related to the magnetic activity. The mean scale heights imply a temperature of 1060°K in winter and 1320°K in summer, at a height of about 350 km. The solar cycle variation implies a winter temperature of about 930°K at , and 1360°K at . The day-to-day fluctuations in the total electron content of the ionosphere, and the sunspot cycle variation, agreed with the variations shown by virtual height records. The ratio of the total content to the peak density in the ionosphere defines an apparent scale height H' of about 68 km in winter and 82 km in summer. The seasonal variation is only half as large as that shown by similar measurements in the northern hemisphere, suggesting that the world-wide decrease in the critical frequency of the ionosphere in June results from an increase in the temperature of the ionosphere. The difference between the calculated values of H' and of H, and a comparison with measurements of the scale height of the lower half of the F-layer, suggests that the scale height increases throughout the F-layer at a rate of about 0·2 km/km.
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