A particle simulation of the westward-traveling surge

Physics

Scientific paper

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Auroras, Electron Precipitation, Magnetohydrodynamic Flow, Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, Particle Acceleration, Surges, Field Aligned Currents, Magnetic Field Reconnection, Mathematical Models

Scientific paper

Two-dimensional particle simulations are used to show that a longitudinally extending discrete arc can develop into a surge form similar to a westward-traveling surge (WTS) when a westward plasma flow appears, in the form of the dipole sheet, in the outer boundary of the plasma sheet. It is demonstrated that some discrete arcs can convolute in a few min and form the surge structure. The surge head is found to typically move westward at a speed of about 1 km/s. Convolution of discrete arcs is due to local accumulation of positive space charges carried by the accelerated protons. A significant similarity in dynamics between the numerically simulated surges and the observed ones strongly suggests that the WTS is driven by a local westward plasma flow at the boundary between the open and closed field lines.

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