Substorms, poleward boundary activations, auroral streamers, omega bands, and geosynchronous particle injections during a sawtooth event

Physics

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[2704] Magnetospheric Physics / Auroral Phenomena, [2740] Magnetospheric Physics / Magnetospheric Configuration And Dynamics, [2788] Magnetospheric Physics / Magnetic Storms And Substorms

Scientific paper

A variety of auroral features are routinely observed during disturbed conditions including poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), north-south aligned auroral structures (or ``streamers''), auroral torches, omega bands, and embedded auroral onsets. We show that PBIs and auroral streamers can evolve into auroral torches and omega bands. We show that quasi-periodic generation of streamers near a given MLT region can produce a quasi-periodic train of auroral torches that successively drift eastward to create an omega band structure. We also show that subsequent streamers can also create new torches `on-top' of an existing omega band form. These observations explain a number of previously un-explained features of omega bands. We also show that, while auroral streamer activity does not typically lead to substorm onsets, streamers can occur prior to auroral onsets -- although in such cases they are usually not co-located with the onset region. Interpreting the auroral streamers as ionospheric manifestations of bursty bulk flows in the tail (due to earthward propagation of low-entropy flux tubes), we surmise that flow braking cannot by itself be the cause of the auroral breakup and subsequent expansion.

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