Three-Dimensional Hybrid Simulation of Mode Conversion at the Magnetopause

Physics – Plasma Physics

Scientific paper

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[2724] Magnetospheric Physics / Magnetopause And Boundary Layers, [2753] Magnetospheric Physics / Numerical Modeling, [2772] Magnetospheric Physics / Plasma Waves And Instabilities, [7839] Space Plasma Physics / Nonlinear Phenomena

Scientific paper

Our previous 2-D simulations have revealed the linear and nonlinear properties of mode conversion from incident fast-mode compressional waves to short wavelength (k⊥ρi ~ 1) kinetic Alfven waves (KAWs) at the magnetopause near the Alfven resonance surface, for simple cases in which the background magnetic fields on both sides of the current layer are parallel, corresponding to a northward interplanetary magnetic field. In this study, we further broaden our investigation to include (1) the effects of magnetic field rotation across the current layer and (2) the 3-D effects under various k vectors of the incident waves using a 3-D hybrid simulation. In the cases in which the magnetic field changes direction from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere, there may exist two to three resonance points satisfying the Alfven resonance condition ω2=k∥2VA2(1-ω2/Ωi2), where ω is the wave frequency, VA is the local Alfven speed, and Ωi is the ion gyrofrequency. These waves radiate in opposite directions away from the resonance locations (in the case with two resonances) and wave energy can also be trapped in a leaky potential well in the case where there are three resonances. The wave absorption rate and the ion heating in the mode conversion processes are presented. Due to the 3-D effects, modes with finite ky's are generated while the initial waves propagate in the (kx, kz) plane. Harmonics of the driver frequency are generated in the the resulting KAWs, and meanwhile modes with strong k⊥ are produced. The nonlinear physics of 3-D mode conversion are discussed.

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