The optical continuum of solar and stellar flares

Physics

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Atmospheric Heating, Chromosphere, Continuous Spectra, Solar Flares, Solar Spectra, Stellar Flares, Atmospheric Density, Balmer Series, Dwarf Stars, Energy Dissipation, Gas Dynamics, Light Curve, Lyman Alpha Radiation, Optical Thickness

Scientific paper

The response of the solar chromosphere to heating by nonthermal electrons of the power-law energy spectrum is studied on the basis of one-dimensional, time dependent, gravitational gas dynamics equations. Ionization and energy loss for the emissions in the Lyman and Balmer lines are determined separately for the optically thin and thick Lyman-alpha line layers. It is shown that, due to the initial heating, a higher-pressure region is formed from which disturbances propagate upward at a velocity of more than 1000 km/sec, and downward. In addition, a temperature jump propagates downward and a shock is formed in front of the thermal wave. Detailed analysis of the numerical solution for the case of ionized and neutral plasma heating has determined a value close to the admissible limit for such heating. The condensation located between the temperature jump and the shock wave front may in this case emit in the observed optical continuum.

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