Properties of magnetic merging at the magnetopause inferred from dayside 557.7-nm all-sky images

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2407 Auroral Ionosphere (2704), 2724 Magnetopause, Cusp, And Boundary Layers, 2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions, 2784 Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions

Scientific paper

We combine in situ measurements from Cluster with high-resolution 557.7 nm all-sky images from South Pole to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of merging on the dayside magnetopause. Variations of 557.7 nm emissions were observed at a 6 s cadence at South Pole on April 29, 2003, at a time when significant changes in the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) clock angle were reaching the magnetopause. Electrons energized at merging sites are plausible sources for 557.7 nm cusp emissions. At the same time Cluster was crossing the pre-noon cusp in the Northern Hemisphere. The combined observations confirm results of a previous study that high-latitude merging events can occur at multiple sites simultaneously and vary asynchronously on time scales of 30 s to 3 min. Under prevailing IMF BY and BZ negative conditions, the optical patterns are consistent with a scenario in which merging occurs primarily at high latitudes at positions dictated by the IMF clock angle. The intensity of the emissions, and probably the merging rate, appear to vary with changes in both IMF BX and dynamic pressure of the solar wind. Significant BX affects the lag-times of merging in the two hemispheres. Cluster observations set the merging lag times for Northern Hemisphere sites while the post- noon optical emissions set times of Southern Hemisphere merging. Matching optical signatures with clock-angle, BX, and dynamic pressure variations provides new insights about interplanetary control of temporal-spatial variability of dayside merging.

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