Observations of Midlatitude Ionospheric "Wall-Like" Features During Major Geomagnetic Storms

Physics

Scientific paper

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2439 Ionospheric Irregularities, 2443 Midlatitude Ionosphere

Scientific paper

Using data from the available networks of GPS receivers (CORS and FAA WAAS), observations of rapid drops in TEC (as much as 14 meters of ionospheric delay or 84 TECu within 100 seconds) have been observed in mid-latitudes during major geomagnetic storms. Investigations of these TEC drops have suggested that the drops were due to what appeared to be "walls of depletion" oriented roughly Northwest to Southeast and traveling towards the Southwest at speeds of 300 to over 1000 m/s. During the (2003)October 29-30th geomagnetic storms, video maps of GPS ionospheric delay measurement also appear to show the rapidly moving "wall". TEC change measurements to stationary satellites is now made possible by use of Inmarsat geosynchronous satellites transmitting the FAA's WAAS signal at the GPS L1 frequency; these measurements show that the "wall" appears more like a set of narrower walls or waves. This paper will discuss the measurements of these features and review the concepts which may explain these observations.

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