Asteroid collisions: Target size effects and resultant velocity distributions

Physics

Scientific paper

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Asteroids, Collisions, Computerized Simulation, Crack Propagation, Damage Assessment, Hydrodynamics, Impact Damage, Mathematical Models, Stress Waves, Wave Interaction, Wave Propagation, Algorithms, Basalt, Continuums, Ejecta, Escape Velocity, Fracturing, Fragments, Size Distribution, Targets, Velocity Distribution

Scientific paper

To study the dynamic fragmentation of rock to simulate asteroid collisions, we use a 2-D, continuum damage numerical hydrocode which models two-body impacts. This hydrocode monitors stress wave propagation and interaction within the target body, and includes a physical model for the formation and growth of cracks in rock. With this algorithm we have successfully reproduced fragment size distributions and mean ejecta speeds from laboratory impact experiments using basalt, and weak and strong mortar as target materials. Using the hydrocode, we have determined that the energy needed to fracture a body has a much stronger dependence on target size than predicted from most scaling theories. In addition, velocity distributions obtained indicate that mean ejecta speeds resulting from large-body collisions do not exceed escape velocities.

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