Variations of total solar irradiance during solar cycles 21-23: measurements and models

Physics

Scientific paper

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1650 Solar Variability, 7524 Magnetic Fields, 7529 Photosphere, 7538 Solar Irradiance

Scientific paper

A series of satellite total solar irradiance (TSI) observations can be combined in a precise composite TSI database of solar magnetic cycle length by establishing a precise relationship between two key non-overlapping components: the SMM/ACRIM1 and UARS/ACRIM2 results. Two independent sets of TSI observations, the Nimbus7/ERB and ERBS, overlap both ACRIM experiments and can be used to establish the ACRIM relationship. Composite TSI time series using the Nimbus7/ERB results to relate ACRIM1&2 demonstrate a secular upward trend of 0.04 percent-per-decade between consecutive solar activity minima. A composite TSI model using ERBS comparisons to relate ACRIM1&2 yields different results in two significant respects: a negligible trend between solar minima and lower TSI at solar maxima. These differences are resolved by our findings that the lower minima-to-minima trend is an artifact of uncorrected ERBS degradation and the lower TSI at solar maxima results from use of a solar-proxy model known to underestimate TSI at solar maxima.

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