Supergranulation and the dynamics of gas and magnetic field below the solar photosphere

Physics

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Convective Flow, Gas Dynamics, Solar Atmosphere, Solar Granulation, Solar Magnetic Field, Solar Rotation, Angular Momentum, Astronomical Models, Magnetic Forming, Momentum Transfer, Radial Velocity, Solar Physics, Stellar Models, Sunspots, Viscosity

Scientific paper

Results from recent calculations of convection are used to discuss the interpretation of three observations which seem to bear upon the dynamics of gas and magnetic fields below the photosphere but which are not dependent on the difficult direct study of the wave number, phase, and symmetry of large-scale low-amplitude motions on the sun. These observations include the scale of supergranulation, the rotation rate of sunspots, and the tilt of magnetic flux tubes at the photosphere. It is suggested that the discrete scale of supergranular flow, the high rotation rate of sunspots, and the azimuthal tilt of magnetic fields from a radial orientation are most simply explained if one supposes that a transition occurs in the structure of the magnetic field at a depth of about 15,000 km below the photosphere. The gas and magnetic field would be strongly coupled dynamically and comoving below this depth; above the transition, the field would be confined to a small fraction of the total volume, and the convecting gas would be largely nonmagnetic. In this case, the supergranulation could be the convection mode that reflect simply the full depth of the transition layer. Implications of this layer are considered for the dynamics and energy balance of magnetic features at the photosphere.

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