Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1977
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977a%26a....61..671s&link_type=abstract
Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 61, no. 5, Dec. 1977, p. 671-677.
Physics
2
Astronomical Models, Galactic Evolution, Matter (Physics), Particle Production, Universe, Dirac Equation, Einstein Equations, Elementary Particles, Expansion, Helium-Oxygen Atmospheres, Hubble Diagram, Hyperbolic Functions, Intergalactic Media, Minkowski Space, Red Shift
Scientific paper
Continuous particle creation from the vacuum by vacuum fluctuations of the quantized spinor Dirac field as a consequence of the expansion of the universe was previously calculated for a spacetime characterized by the time-dependent Robertson-Walker line element with closed three-dimensional spherical space. This paper extends those computations to open universes with three-dimensional flat or hyperbolic space, beginning with the total particle creation rate per volume element in the expanding universe deduced previously for closed three-dimensional spherical space. Attention is restricted to nucleon production, and a solution to the Einstein field equations for the case of flat three-dimensional space beginning from empty Minkowski spacetime is obtained in which all matter is produced by the very expansion of the universe. It is shown that the initial behavior of this solution is similar to that of Friedmann models containing incoherent matter, that the asymptotic behavior of solutions for open universes as time tends to infinity is determined by an exponential increase in the distance parameter, and that the particle creation considered has the nature of an irreversible process. The theoretical results are compared with observational data on the Hubble parameter, the mean matter density of the universe, the Galactic helium abundance, and the distance-redshift relation for galaxies.
Dehnen Heinz
Schaefer Gail
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