Physics
Scientific paper
May 2008
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2008agusmsh51c..01l&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2008, abstract #SH51C-01
Physics
7513 Coronal Mass Ejections (2101), 7514 Energetic Particles (2114), 7519 Flares, 7554 X-Rays, Gamma Rays, And Neutrinos, 7845 Particle Acceleration
Scientific paper
The Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator in the solar system. Observations of hard X-ray/gamma-ray continuum and gamma-ray line emission show that electrons are accelerated to >~ 100s of MeV and ions up to GeV energies, respectively, in large solar flares. Direct in situ observations of solar energetic particles (SEPs) near 1 AU suggest that shock waves driven by fast (>1000 km/s) coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accelerate ions and electrons to similar energies, at altitudes of ~2 to 40 solar radii. Both CMEs and large flares involve the transient release of up to 10e32-10e33 ergs. The flare-accelerated tens of keV electrons and >MeV ions often containing 10-50% or more of the total energy released, indicating the particle acceleration is intimately related to the energy release mechanism. RHESSI (Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager) observations show strong evidence for both the ion and electron acceleration and the energy release in flares to be associated with the process of magnetic reconnection. Electron acceleration to >~10 keV is observed in small flares and even in microflares that occur as often as every several minutes near solar maximum. Radio type III bursts indicate that electron acceleration can occur high in the corona, often without flare signatures at lower altitude. At 1 AU, hundreds of small impulsive SEP events dominated by <1 to 100 keV electrons and often accompanied by tens of keV to MeV/nuc ions, strongly enriched in 3He and heavies, are detected per year near solar maximum. Here I review the recent RHESSI and related in situ observations as they bear on the fundamental acceleration processes that are occurring, and discuss the prospects for key measurements from future space missions.
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