Evolution of Carbon Stars. I ---Gravitational Contraction and Onset of Carbon Burning---

Physics

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Scientific paper

The evolution of carbon-oxygen stars in a gravitational contraction phase is studied with an automatic computation method for the stellar masses 0.7M_&sun;, 1.0M_&sun;, 2.6M_&sun; and 10M_&sun;. These stars are regarded as representing the carbon-oxygen cores which have been formed in evolved stars in helium-burning phase. To know the effect of neutrino loss on the evolution, computations are made for the two alternative cases, i. e. the cases with and without neutrino production. It is found that, if nuclear burning is neglected, the central temperature increases unlimitedly for the stars of 2.6M_&sun; and 10M_&sun;, while it has an upper limit due to the onset of electron degeneracy for the stars of 0.7M_&sun; and 1.0M_&sun;. The neutrino les suppresses the increase of the central temperature and reduces the time-scale of contraction. The onset stage of carbon burning and the subsequent transition to the zero-age carbon main-sequence stage are computed. The minimum stellar mass for this onset is found to be 0.75M_&sun; for the case without neutrinos and 1.06M_&sun; for the case with neutrinos.

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