A Unified Model for Explosive Thinning and Onset of Substorm

Physics

Scientific paper

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2708 Current Systems (2409), 2712 Electric Fields (2411), 2736 Magnetosphere/Ionosphere Interactions, 2740 Magnetospheric Configuration And Dynamics, 2788 Storms And Substorms

Scientific paper

It is shown in this study that explosive thinning of near-Earth plasma sheet and onset of substorm can be modeled based on a similar physical process. Kinetic effects of ions and electrons are included in this study. Electric field is allowed to deviate from potential field in the ionosphere prior to onset of substorm. Based on our model, a vortex distribution of electric field followed by convergent electric field distribution should appear in the pre-midnight region of ionosphere at poleward edge of diffuse aurora near the end of growth phase. A downward field-aligned current resulted from these E-field distributions can trigger explosive thinning of near-Earth plasma sheet. Similar changes of electric field distribution can take place in the near-Earth plasma sheet as a result of localized explosive thinning and non-uniform distribution of energetic ions. An upward field-aligned current can be formed as a result of these types of E-field distributions. The upward field-aligned current can trigger dipolarization of the thin current sheet. A positive feedback mechanism for cross-tail current disruption is identified after the initial dipolarization processes. Based on our model, onset of substorm expansion phase can proceed after the initial dipolarization if enough energetic ions have been accumulated in the near-Earth plasma sheet. Likewise, the substorm expansion phase will end when there are not enough energetic ions in the distant tail.

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