Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001agufmsm11c..03p&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001, abstract #SM11C-03
Physics
2407 Auroral Ionosphere (2704), 2704 Auroral Phenomena (2407)
Scientific paper
This talk will review the history of auroral X-ray observations and their contributions to magnetospheric physics. X-rays were first discovered in the magnetic storm of July 1, 1957 over Minneapolis by John Winckler's research group. A cosmic ray particle experiment aloft a balloon detected an anomalous increase in counting rate that was later deduced to be atmospheric bremsstrahlung X-rays from precipitated energetic electrons. X-ray experiments subsequently carried out from the auroral zone yielded the important information that precipitated electrons are highly structured in space and time. Periodic 5-30s pulsations dominate the early morning sector, while =1s microbursts in the dawn to noon sector. Satellite observations have now obtained global features about the energetic electron precipitation. Most of the auroral X-rays have energies =20-100 keV but recent data indicate that electron precipitation frequently involves intense bursts of X-rays with MeV energies. John Winckler led the way on an exciting path that extends into the future, as researchers will continue to delve into the mystery of source mechanisms of pulsations, microbursts and the MeV X-rays.
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