Neutrinos Associated with Cosmic Rays

Physics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Construction of the first kilometer-scale neutrino observatory has been completed; IceCube has been fully commissioned and has been taking data since May 2011. Its present performance exceeds expectations in both the neutrino collection area (by a factor 2 ~ 3 depending on energy) and angular resolution. It continues to improve with ongoing refinements in calibration, software tools and our understanding of the optics of the natural ice. IceCube was designed more than a decade ago with the goal of observing the sources of both Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays with good statistical significance after 5 years. Because the origin of cosmic rays is still unresolved, the exercise is inevitably performed on models. We here revisit three illustrative examples chosen because they are predictive, although with relatively large errors associated with the astrophysics of the sources: Galactic supernova remnants, gamma-ray bursts and GZK neutrinos produced in interactions of cosmic rays with the microwave background. We conclude that the IceCube design, as well as the prospect for observing neutrinos from cosmic-ray sources, have survived the test of time.

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