Warm molecular sphere around red supergiant Stars - A missing link between the photosphere and masering water clouds in the circurnstellar envelope

Details Warm molecular sphere around red supergiant Stars - A missing link between the photosphere and masering water clouds in the circurnstellar envelope Warm molecular sphere around red supergiant Stars - A missing link between the photosphere and masering water clouds in the circurnstellar envelope

Jan 2001

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001iaus..205..316t&link_type=abstract

Galaxies and their Constituents at the Highest Angular Resolutions, Proceedings of IAU Symposium #205, held 15-18 August 2000 at

Physics

2

Scientific paper

Recent progress in observations of high resolution spatial interferometry revealed a new picture of the atmosphere of red supergiant stars. For example, VLA imaging at mm wavelength revealed an extended envelope of modest temperatures (Lim et al. Nature 1998) in the M2 supergiant Betelgeuse (α Ori) while optical-IR interferometry the presence of a large inhomogeneity. To understand the exact nature of these new findings, detailed spectroscopic studies should be indispensable. For example, infrared spectra of the early M supergiants such as Betelgeuse, Antares, and μ Cephei revealed the presence of water, which was not expected in these objects until recently. To explain such a result, the classical photosphere - chromosphere is too hot while the expanding CSE is too cool, and a new molecule forming region of the modest temperatures (1000-2000K) should be required. Further, our recent analysis of the ISO spectra revealed that these stars are in fact enveloped by an optically thick molecular sphere or ``MOLsphere''. The fact that this MOLsphere is optically thick implies that it will easily be ``seen'' by molecular lines such as of H2O with the high resolution interferometer, preferably from space. To clarify the spatial structure of the MOLsphere is essential to further extend the novel picture of the atmosphere of red supergiant stars.

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