Physics
Scientific paper
Jun 2007
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007nimpb.259..632k&link_type=abstract
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, Volume 259, Issue 1, p. 632-636.
Physics
Glasses, Quartz
Scientific paper
We present results of measurements of cosmogenic in situ 14C produced in a quartz vein from Macraes Flat, East Otago, New Zealand, where concentrations of in situ produced 10Be and 26Al were previously studied by Kim and Englert [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 223 (2004) 113]. 14C was extracted from the quartz samples up to depths of 400 g cm-2 using a low temperature wet extraction method [D. Lal, A.J.T. Jull, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 92 (1994) 291]. Based on the results for 10Be and 26Al, we expected that the 14C activity in the samples would be at saturation levels, in equilibrium with erosion. The surface exposure age of this site was found to be about 25 000 years using 10Be and 26Al at the surface, with a surface erosion rate of at least 10-3 cm/y [K.J. Kim, P.A.J. Englert, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 223 (2004) 113]. The measured 14C activities were compared with those expected from spallation of Si and O in quartz by energetic neutrons and fast muons, and from capture of negative muons in O in quartz [B. Heisinger, A.J.T. Jull, D. Lal, P. Kubik, S. Ivy-Ochs, K. Knie, E. Nolte, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 200 (2002) 357; B. Heisinger, D. Lal, A.J.T. Jull, P. Kubik, S. Ivy-Ochs, S. Neumaier, K. Knie, V. Lazarev, E. Nolte, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 200 (2002) 345]. Surprisingly, we found that the 14C activities were significantly greater than those expected, by factors of 2 3, especially in samples of depths <200 g cm-2. We suspect that the excess 14C probably resulted from capture of thermal neutrons in nitrogen present in the fluid inclusions in quartz. This study shows that great care has to be taken in measurements of in situ 14C in quartz, especially in samples exposed near sea level and greater depths, where rates of spallation produced 14C are low.
Englert Peter A. J.
Kim Kab-Jin
Lal Devendra
Southon John
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