Phase transformations and the spectral reflectance of solid sulfur - Can metastable sulfur allotropes exist on Io?

Physics

Scientific paper

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Allotropy, Io, Metastable State, Phase Transformations, Planetary Composition, Solid Phases, Spectral Reflectance, Sulfur, Cooling, Impurities, Plumes, Solid State, Spectrum Analysis, Volcanoes, Jupiter, Satellites, Io, Reflectance, Sulfur, Allotropes, Phases, Laboratory Studies, Thermal History, Solids, Cooling, Temperature, Brightness, Liquids, Calculations, Thermal Effects, Procedure, Oxides, Experiments, Volcanism, Plumes, Flow, Comparisons, Spectra, Formation, Spacecraft Observations, Voyager Missions,

Scientific paper

Laboratory investigations have been conducted on the effects of variations in sulfur sample histories on their solid-state transformation rate and the corresponding spectral variation of freshly frozen sulfur. The temporal variations in question may be due to differences in the amount and type of metastable allotropes present in the sulfur after solidification, as well as to the physics of the phase-transformation process itself. The results obtained are pertinent to the physical behavior and spectral variation of such freshly solidified sulfur as may exist on the Jupiter moon Io; this would initially solidify into a glassy solid or monoclinic crystalline lattice, then approach ambient dayside temperatures. Laboratory results imply that the monoclinic or polymeric allotropes can in these circumstances be maintained, and will take years to convert to the stable orthorhombic crystalline form.

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