Variation of surface air temperatures in relation to El Nin~o and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, 1796-1882

Details Variation of surface air temperatures in relation to El Nin~o and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, 1796-1882 Variation of surface air temperatures in relation to El Nin~o and cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, 1796-1882

Nov 1999

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999jastp..61.1307w&link_type=abstract

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Volume 61, Issue 17, p. 1307-1319.

Physics

2

Scientific paper

During the contemporaneous interval of 1796-1882 a number of significant decreases in temperature are found in the records of Central England and Northern Ireland. These decreases appear to be related to the occurrences of El Nin~o and/or cataclysmic volcanic eruptions. For example, a composite of residual Central England temperatures, centering temperatures on the yearly onsets of 20 El Nin~o events of moderate to stronger strengths, shows that, on average, the change in temperature varied by about +/-0.3°C from normal, being warmer during the boreal fall-winter leading up to the El Nin~o year and cooler during the spring-summer of the El Nin~o year. Also, the influence of El Nin~o on Central England temperatures appears to have lasted about 1-2 years. Similarly, a composite of residual Central England temperatures, centering temperatures on the month of eruption for 26 cataclysmic volcanic eruptions, shows that, on average, the temperature decreased by about 0.1-0.2°C, typically, 1-2 years after the eruption; although for specific events, like Tambora, the decrease was considerably greater. Additionally, tropical eruptions appear to have produced greater cooling than extratropical eruptions, and eruptions occurring in boreal spring-summer appear to have produced greater cooling than those occurring in fall-winter.

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