Self-organized Criticality and Scaling Laws for Earthquakes and Solar Flares.

Physics

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7260 Theory And Modeling

Scientific paper

Self-organised Criticality is a mechanism for generating large scale correlations in space and time. The dynamics is intermittent, with a power-law distribution of events, rather than following a smooth and gradual path. It provides a natural explanation for the Gutenberg-Richter law for the distribution of earthquake magnitudes, and for the distribution of solar flares. We have analysed earthquakes occurring in California during a period of 50 years. The spatio-temporal correlations can be described in terms of a simple scaling law valid from tens of seconds to at least tens of years. The law unifies the Omori law for aftershocks, the Gutenberg Richter law, and the fractal spatial structure. The short term clustering usually referred to in terms of aftershocks, is nothing but the short time limit of the general statistical properties of earthquakes. There are no characteristic magnitudes, time-scales, and length-scales, confirming the criticality of the process. We argue that solar flares can be described by a similar phenomenology.

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