Relative Roles of Substorm and Convection in Storms from ENA Observation During a Storm Main Phase

Physics

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2720 Energetic Particles, Trapped, 2730 Magnetosphere--Inner, 2740 Magnetospheric Configuration And Dynamics, 2788 Storms And Substorms

Scientific paper

The first composition observation of energetic neutral atom (ENA) emissions during the main phase of a geomagnetic storm is reported here. The measurements were made by the Energetic Particles and Ion Composition (EPIC) instrument on the Geotail spacecraft on October 22, 1999 when the ring current was strengthening. For this geomagnetic storm, while the Dst index was monotonically decreasing during the main phase, ENA fluxes showed two major enhancements with distinctly different temporal profiles. For the first enhancement, which coincided with a substorm onset, the increases in ENA fluxes were rapid and the subsequent evolution was species dependent. The substorm onset was also accompanied by a reduction of the ionospheric convection observed by the SuperDARN radars. Both the integral ENA (E > ~12 keV) and neutral hydrogen (E > 67 keV) fluxes remained relatively unchanged after the increase while the neutral oxygen (E > 203 keV) fluxes decreased rapidly. For the second enhancement, which was related to a slow but continual AE enhancement, the increases in ENA fluxes of all species were rather gradual. SuperDARN radar data showed an enhancement in the convection. Assessing the implications of the ENA observations indicates that both the substorm and the later enhanced convection contributed to the buildup of the ring current during the main phase of this geomagnetic storm.

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