Physics – Geophysics
Scientific paper
Jun 1991
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1991pggp.rept..338s&link_type=abstract
In NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990 p 338-339 (SEE N92-10728 01-91)
Physics
Geophysics
Atmospheric Effects, Cratering, Impact Loads, Impact Tests, Mathematical Models, Meteorite Craters, Atmospheric Composition, Atmospheric Density, Atmospheric Pressure, Flat Surfaces, Mach Number, Targets
Scientific paper
Laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations often use vertical impact angles (90 deg) in order to avoid the complicating effect of asymmetry. Nevertheless, oblique impacts represent the most likely starting condition for planetary cratering. Changing both impact angles and atmospheric pressure not only allows testing previous results for vertical impacts but also reveals phenomena whose signatures would otherwise be masked in the planetary cratering record. The laboratory studies were performed for investigating impact cratering processes. Impact angles can be increased from 0 to 90 deg in 15 deg increments while maintaining a flat target surface. Different atmospheres (nitrogen, argon, and helium) characterized the effects of both gas density and Mach number. Targets varied according to purpose. Because of the complexities in atmosphere-impactor-ejecta interactions, no single combination allows direct simulation of a planetary-scale (10-100 km) event. Nevertheless, fundamental processes and observed phenomena allow formulating first-order models at such broad scales.
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