Energetic protons accelerated at corotating shocks - Pioneer 10 and 11 observations from 1 to 6 AU

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Energetic Particles, Interplanetary Space, Particle Acceleration, Solar Protons, Helium Ions, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Proton Energy, Shock Wave Interaction

Scientific paper

Vector helium magnetometer and proton telescope data are used to examine the relationship between low energy proton increases and corotating interaction regions (CIRs). A general correlation is noted between the maximum CIR field intensity and the maximum proton count rate. The minimum proton flux, located between the two proton maxima, appears to be correlated with the maximum field strength of the CIR. The evidence presented strongly supports shock acceleration as the primary source of the 1-MeV protons. A schematic figure incorporating many of the features deduced in the present study is given to illustrate the relationship between energetic protons, forward and reverse shocks, and the interplanetary magnetic field structure. The predictions of various theories and mechanisms for interplanetary nucleon acceleration are discussed in light of the experimental results presented.

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