Modification of the ionization balance of the upper chromosphere due to XUV irradiation in flares

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Chromosphere, Far Ultraviolet Radiation, Gas Ionization, Solar Flares, Carbon, Helium, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Photoionization

Scientific paper

The effects of irradiation from an overlying XUV flare source on the ionization balance of the upper chromosphere are considered for hydrogen, helium, carbon, and oxygen. Excluding absorption of soft X-rays through K-shell ionization, radiation up to 1100 A is absorbed through L-shell ionization of H, He, and C I, inducing large modifications of their ionization balances. Calculations using an a priori specified hydrogen model and various irradiation conditions are made for He I, II, III, C I to C IV, and O I to O IV. An approximate analytical method is developed for when the main absorber is the ionizing ion itself.

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