Two-day Planetary Wave Impact on Austral Polar Mesopause Temperatures: as Revealed by a January Diminution in PMSE above Davis, Antarctica

Physics

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3309 Climatology (1616, 1620, 3305, 4215, 8408), 3311 Clouds And Aerosols, 3332 Mesospheric Dynamics, 3334 Middle Atmosphere Dynamics (0341, 0342), 3389 Tides And Planetary Waves

Scientific paper

A new characteristic of the austral summer polar mesopause as revealed by ground MST radar charged ice- aerosol echoes and satellite MLS temperature is reported, that is plausibly linked to the low-latitude easterly wind jet. Four consecutive seasons of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) and mesosphere temperature observations above Davis, Antarctica (geographic: 68.6°S; 78.0°N) exhibit an annual mid-January diminution in PMSE occurrence rate that is correlated with a simultaneous mesopause warming by several degrees. Interestingly, the corresponding mesosphere meridional wind field changes from equatorward to a poleward flow at these times. Although displaying some inter-annual variation in the peak onset time, the mid-January mesopause warming correlates with the peak in the line-of-sight meridional wind and temperature enhancements (both poleward and in altitude) associated with the low-latitude 2-day planetary wave (PW). Periodogram analyses of PMSE and Aura MLS temperatures show the dominance of 5- day PWs throughout the austral summer coupled with pronounced 2-day PWs evident from early January to mid-February. Zonal spectral analyses of Aura MLS temperature records reveal the high-latitude 2-day PWs have zonal wavenumber (s) with both westward (s = -2, -3) and eastward (s = 2, 3) spectral features consistent with the periodogram results. Our polar observations support the evolution of a myriad of prodigy PWs spawned from the westward 2-day PW (s = -3) activity, originating from the low-latitude easterly jet, albeit not previously linked to the reported mid-January diminution of PMSE at southern latitudes.

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