Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 2001
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2001agufm.t51a0850w&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2001, abstract #T51A-0850
Physics
6225 Mars, 7230 Seismicity And Seismotectonics, 8010 Fractures And Faults, 8020 Mechanics, 8199 General Or Miscellaneous
Scientific paper
Strain localization by brittle faulting is characterized by the coalescence and linkage of small, distributed fractures into throughgoing faults that increase in both displacement (D) and length (L) with time. Although fault population scaling characteristics, such as D-L data and length distributions, are commonly used to interpret the magnitude of strain and degree of localization, the consequences of forming a graben versus an isolated normal fault have not been investigated within this framework. Grabens at Canyonlands, Utah, and the Tempe Terra Extensional Province, Mars, exhibit a systematic increase in maximum displacement with graben length. Three-dimensional elastic boundary-element models predict that slip along one graben-bounding fault will induce significant stress changes on the opposing fault to trigger frictional sliding. These results are supported by earthquake sequences that exhibit successions of antithetic and synthetic slip along graben-bounding normal faults within a single sequence of events. Therefore, graben-bounding faults develop as mechanically interacting structures and each set should be recognized as a single structure in fault scaling relationships. Footwall uplift is directly related to scarp height, and thus the measured displacement along a fault. Traditionally, magnitudes of footwall uplift have been attributed to variations in effective elastic thickness and fault dip. Our elastic modeling of fault slip also suggests footwall uplift is an increasing function of fault dip and not dependent on fault depth. Importantly, differences in footwall uplift magnitude also occur in response to variations in modeled slip distributions. For a given fault dip, relative footwall uplift is predicted to increase (2.5-40% of throw) with the ratio of graben width to depth of faulting (0-5). These time-independent predictions are in agreement with structural data compiled from terrestrial rifts in East Africa, Russia, and the United States, as well as smaller extensional provinces in the Volcanic Tableland, CA, Canyonlands, UT, and Tempe Terra, Mars.
Dawers Nancye H.
Schultz Richard A.
Wilkins Scott J.
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