Solar Wind Interaction With Mars: From Phobos to MGS, Mars Express, and Beyond

Physics

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2756 Planetary Magnetospheres (5443, 5737, 6033), 5421 Interactions With Particles And Fields, 5435 Ionospheres (2459), 5440 Magnetic Fields And Magnetism, 5494 Instruments And Techniques

Scientific paper

Since 1964 there were only 7 successful / partially successful missions to Mars from 33 attempted carrying instrumentations to study the solar wind interaction. So far there have not been any successful dedicated missions to investigate the near - Mars environment. Nevertheless, earlier American and Soviet missions including Phobos-2 launched in 1988 provided us with basic description of the interaction and helped to formulate detailed scientific objectives for following-on missions. It is MGS and Mars Express launched in 1996 and 2003 respectively that conducted most detailed measurements finding answers to longstanding questions on the Martian magnetic field and dynamic of planetary ions. In this talk I review the MGS and Mars Express results and discuss the outstanding open issues. Those are: dependence of the atmospheric erosion rate on solar / solar wind conditions, mechanisms of planetary ion acceleration and ion extraction from the ionosphere, and effects of magnetic anomalies.

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