Plasma temperatures from Alouette 1 electron density profiles

Physics

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Electron Density Profiles, Ionospheric Electron Density, Plasma Temperature, Satellite Observation, Temperature Gradients, Alouette 1 Satellite, Curve Fitting, Diurnal Variations, Least Squares Method, Plasmapause

Scientific paper

An iterative least-squares procedure was used to fit theoretical curves to 60,000 electron density profiles obtained by the satellite Alouette 1, yielding the ion transition height, plasma temperatures, and the vertical temperature gradient. Results were obtained for latitudes from 75 deg S to 85 deg N in the solar minimum years 1962-1965, and are accurate to within 5% at 400 km, 10% at 1000 km. Nighttime temperatures are low inside and high outside the plasmosphere. Daytime temperatures increase with latitude from 1500 K at the magnetic equator to 3500 K at the plasmopause. A pronounced temperature peak occurs at 77 deg. Mean vertical temperature gradients are about 0.5 K/km at night and 1-4 K/km during the day. At all latitudes greater than 65 deg increases in magnetic activity cause significant increases in temperature at 400 km; this effect is absent in the plasmopause. Downward heat flows are analyzed.

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