Physics
Scientific paper
Dec 1939
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1939natur.144.1046r&link_type=abstract
Nature, Volume 144, Issue 3660, pp. 1046 (1939).
Physics
Scientific paper
PANETU and co-workers1,2 have discussed the possibility that cosmic radiation may have produced the helium found in beryls by disintegration of beryllium nuclei, and they give experimental evidence that to do this the intensity would need to be at least sixty times greater. However, to reject cosmic radiation as a possible cause, on the experimental evidence, requires the assumption that, during the life-time of the beryls, the cosmic radiation has had its present intensity, whereas if the theory of Baade and Zwicky is true this is not so. These authors3 have suggested that cosmic rays are produced at the flare-up of super-novæ. These, of which ten or so have been observed dviring recent years, rapidly reach a peak of brightness some 20,000 times that of the sun, lasting two or three days. During twenty-five days of maximum brightness they each emit, on the average, as much visible radiation as the sun does in 107 years, and after a life of a year or so they become faint stars4. They suggest that Tycho Brahe's nova of 1572 was a super-nova occurring in our Milky Way system. Zwicky estimates their frequency of occurrence as one per stellar system per 600 years5. They estimate that during its brief life a typical super-nova emits from 1033 to 1054 ergs, almost all in cosmic rays, and by averaging throughout the heavens they calculate a cosmic ray flux at the earth's surface of the same order of magnitude as the observed, namely, 3 × 10-3 ergs/cm.2 sec. However, they point out that a super-nova occurring in the Milky Way 30,000 light years away would, for a short time, produce a cosmic ray flux at the earth some 10,000 times greater.
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