Reflection of the solar wind ions at the earth's bow shock Energization

Physics

Scientific paper

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Bow Waves, Proton Beams, Reflection, Solar Protons, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Space Plasmas, International Sun Earth Explorer 2, Shock Fronts

Scientific paper

The energies of the field-aligned proton beams observed upstream of the earth's bow shock are tested, on a statistical basis, against a simple reflection model using plasma and magnetic field data collected by the ISEE 2 spacecraft. The ISEE 2 solar wind experiment and the data set are briefly described, and the expected energies of the backstreaming ions is deduced by generalizing the Sonnerup model to an average earth's bow shock model. According to this model, some of the solar wind protons incident upon the earth's shock front when reflected upstream gain energy by displacement parallel to the interplanetary electric field. Good agreement is found between theoretical predictions and observations, strongly supporting the view that the higher temperatures of the ion beams are the result of a heating process occurring at the shock front during reflection, rather than in interplanetary space.

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