Laboratory Analyses of Micron-Sized Solid Grains: Experimental Techniques and Recent Results

Details Laboratory Analyses of Micron-Sized Solid Grains: Experimental Techniques and Recent Results Laboratory Analyses of Micron-Sized Solid Grains: Experimental Techniques and Recent Results

Dec 1997

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997arcn.rept..473c&link_type=abstract

Analysis of Returned Comet Nucleus Samples, Proceedings of a Workshop held at Milpitas, California, 16-18 January, 1989. Compil

Physics

Chemical Properties, Comets, Cosmic Dust, Morphology, Surface Properties, Simulation, Physical Properties, Giotto Mission, Halley''S Comet, Meteorites, Rosetta Mission, Composition (Property), Textures, Grain Size

Scientific paper

The investigation of comets has proceded for long time on remote observations from ground. In 1986 several space missions towards comet Halley have allowed, for the first time, to have a close look to a comet (Encounters with comet Halley 1986). In particular, the GIOTTO mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) has provided "in situ" observations and measurements up to a distance of about 600 Km from the nucleus. Surface morphology and physical properties have been observed; plasma, gas and dust components in the coma have been analyzed. It is clear, however, that definite answers about the primordial nature of comets and their relation with interstellar material can be obtained only from direct analysis of cometary samples. Future space missions such as CRAF (NASA) and ROSETTA (ESA) have exactly this aim. In particular, the ambitious goal of Rosetta mission is to return to earth comet samples which can be analyzed carefully in laboratory. In preparation to this event a large effort must be placed both in the improvement of existing analytical techniques and in the development of new methods which will provide as much information as possible on "returned comet samples" (hereinafter RCSS). Handling of extra-terrestrial samples will require to operate in carefully controlled and extremely "inert" ambient conditions. In addition, working on a limited amount of "unique" cometary material will also impose to use analytical techniques which should not produce alteration, contamination or destruction of the sample. Many suggestions can come from people working in laboratory on "cosmic dust"; in fact, experimental methods which are applied to analyze: (a) interplanetary dust particles (IDPS) collected in stratosphere, (b) meteorites, and (c) laboratory produced cosmic dust analog samples, can be mutuated or properly improved in the future for specific application to RCSS. Since modern techniques used to analyze IDPs and meteorites are reviewed elsewhere in this workshop, we will discuss some of the most powerful techniques which are presently applied to characterize physical and chemical properties of micron and/or submicron solid grains, synthetized in laboratory with the aim of simulating cosmic dust.

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