The Carrington Storm of 1859 IMF, IEF, TPP, and Dst

Physics

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1739 Solar/Planetary Relationships, 2111 Ejecta, Driver Gases, And Magnetic Clouds, 2139 Interplanetary Shocks, 2784 Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions, 2788 Storms And Substorms

Scientific paper

From the shock transit time of the 1859 Carrington event, we use statistical relations to infer a shock speed, ICME speed, and maximum ICME field strength. Using average upstream solar wind and IMF conditions, we also infer the profiles of the ram pressure and IMF strength through the ICME-sheath. The Bombay magnetogram for the event gives the magnitude of the SSC and the duration of the transit time passed the earth of the ICME sheath. Since this event occurred during Solar Cycle 10, there is a statistical likelihood that the IMF in the ICME went from north to south as it passed the earth. We use these pieces of information, statistical relations and inferences to construct a probable scenario for the time sequence of solar wind and IMF parameters for the event. We feed this sequence of parameters into analytical models that convert upstream solar wind and IMF data into estimates of the position of the stagnation point, the value of the transpolar potential, and the profile of Dst. Some results: This was probably a two-phase Dst storm with the ICME-sheath driving the first phase and the trailing half of the ICME the second phase. The transpolar potential saturated at a value that probably exceeded 400 kV, and Dst probably reached -600 nT during both storm phases. The stagnation point probably moved to within 3 Re of the center of earth.

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